What about growth and development?

Some preterm infants, particularly those born very prematurely that is before 28 weeks, may experience reduced growth and may be shorter in adulthood compared to their full-term counterparts.

What about neurological development?

Premature infants may have learning difficulties during childhood, but many become normal as they become adults. In very premature infants, it may influence their IQ score in adulthood.

 What about attention and behavioural disorders?

Studies show that some premature infants are more likely to develop attention deficit hyperactive disorders (ADHD), or experience social and emotional difficulties.

What about educational achievements?

Many preterm individuals perform well academically. They may be as normal as their counterparts. Some studies indicate that they are less likely to attain high educational levels.

What about mental health?

Many premature infants may face emotional problems related to anxiety and depression. This is common with those born with very low birth weights. Some may experience challenges with social relationships, though with a good family environment, these can be obviated.

What about cardiovascular health?

Premature adults born with low birth weights have a higher risk of developing high blood pressure in adulthood. Hypertension can lead to other health issues. These individuals have reduced elasticity of their blood vessels, contributing to long-term cardiovascular effects.

What about reproductive health?

Most preterm females will have healthy pregnancies. However, some may have an increased risk of preterm birth in their own pregnancies, particularly born extremely preterm.

What about quality of life?

With appropriate psychological and physical support during childhood, most have normal functioning in most aspects of life including employment, and relationships.

What are the factors that affect long-term outcomes?

The degree of prematurity matters most. Those born before 28 weeks may have a higher incidence of long-term health and developmental issues. Certain neonatal complications can increase the challenges in adulthood. Access to high-quality neonatal care and a supportive home environment are
crucial.