What is epilepsy

Epilepsy is a neurological condition in which a person experiences recurrent, unprovoked seizures due to abnormal electrical activity in the brain.

What is a seizure?

A seizure can present in different ways, such as sudden jerking of the body, brief loss of awareness, staring spells, sudden falls, or unusual sensations and behaviour. Not all seizures are dramatic, and many can be subtle.

Who is at risk?

Children and elderly individuals are more commonly affected. Those with a history of brain injury, stroke, or a family history of epilepsy are also at higher risk.

What causes epilepsy?

Common causes include brain infections, stroke, head injury, brain tumours, and genetic factors. In a significant number of patients, no definite cause is identified.

What should be done during a seizure?

A person having a seizure should be gently turned onto their side. The head should be protected from injury, and tight clothing around the neck should be loosened. It is important to remain calm and observe the duration of the episode. Nothing should be placed inside the mouth. The person should not be restrained, and food or water should not be given during the event. If the seizure lasts longer than five minutes, urgent medical help is required.

How is epilepsy diagnosed?

Diagnosis is primarily based on a detailed history. EEG helps assess the electrical activity of the brain, and MRI may be required to identify structural causes.

Is epilepsy treatable?

Epilepsy is treatable, and with appropriate medication, nearly seventy per cent of patients can become seizure-free. Most individuals can lead a normal and productive life.

What are the treatment options?

Treatment mainly involves anti-epileptic medications. In selected cases, surgery may be considered. Adequate sleep, stress control, and adherence to treatment are essential.

What are the common myths about epilepsy?

Epilepsy is not a mental illness and is not contagious. Traditional practices such as putting objects in the mouth during a seizure are dangerous and should be avoided.

When should a doctor be consulted urgently?

Medical attention is required after the first seizure, if seizures recur, if there is injury during the episode, or if confusion persists for a prolonged period.

Author: Dr Jay Deshmukh

Dr Jay Deshmukh is Chief Physician and Director, Sunflower Hospital, Nagpur Honorary Physician to Honorable Governor of Maharashtra and PondicherryCentral. Dr Jay Deshmukh is an M.B.B.S., M.C.P.S., F.C.P.S., M.N.A.M.S., MD From Internal Medicine – Bombay and New Delhi.